A Compendium of Historical Knitting: Knitting needle and crochet hook gauges

Friday, October 22, 2021

Knitting needle and crochet hook gauges

"British knitting needle gauges. Showing an enamelled metal pair made by Milward, probably in the 1970s or 1980s, for sale in the UK, France, Germany and the Netherlands. They show imperial (wire gauge) and metric sizes." Source: Wikimedia Commons, via user Storye book.

For a fascinating and admirably thorough look at the history of needle and hook gauges, see the article "Early North American Knitting Needle Gauges" (parts one, two, and three!) by Susan Webster of Webster's Knitting Needle Notions in Australia.

(There are many other interesting articles on Webster's site -- click on the "Articles" tab, or just explore ...)

"British knitting needle gauges. They were made by Abel Morrell for their Aero knitting needles (right) and hooks (left). Both were probably manufactured before 1939. The right hand one is older, possibly 1920s. The left hand one is enamelled metal and has the cross fox trademark. Both are unmarked on the back." Source: Wikimedia Commons, via user Storye book.

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About this project

This page is a compendium, not the compendium, and makes no claims to be definitive. That said, we will attempt to provide a broad spectrum of examples of knitting patterns, techniques, and stitches across the years.

The label "Pattern links" indicates that a link to an outside webpage is given in the post, directing the reader to the pattern (sometimes for purchase from the designer or adapter, but often free), and the label "Patterns" indicates that the pattern is given here in the post. Both categories are subdivided into historical periods.

The label "Historical patterns in modern terminology" gives either patterns themselves or (more usually) links to historical patterns rewritten for the knitter of today. (It can be very illuminating and educational to compare the original with an updated version!)

Note that although ordinarily we far prefer to refer to authors as they wished and presented themselves to the world on their books' title pages, in the case of knitting authors who were known -- sometimes known only -- by their husband's name, we have decided to here use their married names, e.g. Mrs. G.J. Baynes is here listed as Anne Baynes.

Weights of the more common historical yarns

Andalusian falls between modern fingering weight and sport weight; Jamieson & Smith's 2-ply "jumper weight" Shetland can also be used.

Crewel is the same as modern crewel wools.

Double Berlin is equivalent to a modern DK or a three-ply worsted.

Fleecy could come in a range of weights, probably from fingering weight to a soft bulky weight, but was most commonly from DK to soft bulky; the modern knitter will have to experiment to achieve the desired result.

Germantown is equivalent to a modern worsted (18-20 sts per 4"/10cm).

Knitting floss is probably a modern lace-weight.

Lamb's wool or worsted equivalent to modern sport weight; it is not a modern worsted, but refers to the way the wool was spun.

Pyrenees is a lace-weight wool with a slightly tighter twist than Shetland.

Saxony is equivalent to modern fingering or baby yarns (about 32 sts per 4"/10cm).

Shetland can still be found today; a two-ply lace-weight can also be used.

Single Berlin, like its relative double Berlin, was traditionally of merino wool; single is a needlepoint or fingering weight.

Worsted or lamb's wool is equivalent to modern sport weight; it is not a modern worsted, but refers to the way the wool was spun.

Zephyr is probably a light fingering weight wool.

A detailed table of discontinued vintage yarns (i.e. mostly 20th-century) and their respective weights can be found here, and a very helpful table of specific modern equivalents to historical yarns can be found here.

Friday, October 22, 2021

Knitting needle and crochet hook gauges

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