Double-twist loop cast-on (1917)

This cast-on method can be found in The Priscilla Sweater Book by Elsa Barsaloux et al. (Priscilla, 1917).  Going by the objective in the picture for Step 7, it is clearly what we know now as "double-twist loop cast-on". I confess that I couldn't "get" Mrs. Barsaloux's instructions after Step 4, but the following two videos (and I'm sure there are other descriptions both in print and on the internet that are equally worthy!) are obviously using the same maneuvers --

Yarmouth ear warmers and Fair Isle watch cap

"Yarmouth (Maine) Historical Society is pleased to offer knitters the chance to knit some Yarmouth history this winter. We have reproduced patterns for two original winter accessories, an ear-warming headband and a Fair Isle watch cap, that were crafted for North Yarmouth Academy students by a local knitter during the 1950s and later.

"This pattern is for headband-style ear warmers that tie under the chin. Strands of contrast color are woven through eyelets to create stripes. Several strands braided together form the ties." The watch cap is knitted in two colors, with a ribbed, folded brim.

These patterns are available for free via Ravelry -- earwarmers and watch cap -- and from the Yarmouth Historical Society.

"Knitted Legging for Children from One to Two Years"

"Knitted Legging for Children from One to Two Years" from Babyhood : the mother's nursery guide, ed. by Marion Harland and Leroy Milton Yale, v.3 (1886-87), p.99.

"Mittens Knitted on Two Needles" (1876)

"Mittens Knitted on Two Needles" in Regia 4-fädig in color 1991 (grey heather) and Paton's Kroy in "Muslin" (cream). The crochet edging was improvised. A handsome and comfortable fingerless mitt. Photos from A Bluestocking Knits.

The terms "mitts" and "mittens," though today we usually use to refer to, respectively, fingerless-but-thumbed gloves and those with one fully-enclosed space each for thumb and all of the fingers together, seem to have been used fairly interchangeably in the early days of published knitting patterns, as here in the "Mittens Knitted on Two Needles" by Miss H.P. Ryder, in her Winter Comforts and How to Knit Them (1876). The Misses Ryder, sisters Elizabeth and Henrietta, were both writers of knitting "receipts" during the middle and later parts of the Victorian period; they were from Richmond, in Yorkshire.

The thumb is shaped with short rows. Note, too, this early use of the slipped-stitch selvage.

Uploaded to Archive.org courtesy the Richard Rutt Collection at the University of Southampton.

See also the article "The Richmond Glove and its Creator, Henrietta Pulleine Ryder" by Lesley O'Connell Edwards in the March/April 2018 issue of Piecework (Ravelry link here) which has background information on the Ryder sisters and an updated pattern for Miss Henrietta's Richmond Glove, which is a layered duo -- knitted in one piece -- of glove and fingerless mitt.

A blog post by Ann Kingstone about the Ryder sisters and the Richmond Glove is here.

The original ribbed top edge of the Mitten Knitted on Two Needles, before sewing up the side seam or edging the thumb.

Plain mittens, 1843

This pattern for "plain mittens" is from Selections of Knitting, Netting, & Crochet Work (1843) by Miss Watts (also available here).

Apparently, very little is known about Miss Watts, not even her first name.

Knitting patterns for recreating 16th-century coifs and stockings

Man's coif, knitted of silk. Part of the burial clothing of Ferdinando I Orsini (d. 1549), Duke of Gravina, at San Domenico Maggiore, Naples.

Mathew Gnagy has available in his online shop knitting patterns for three 16th-century garments, for the clothing historian or serious re-enactor.  All are designed to be worked in modern wools, either sock/fingering weight or sport weight.

One is a 16th-century stocking pattern "based on surviving examples from Italy. The style is based on a fine gauge silk stocking, but here, we give you the same construction and beautiful detail in a gauge that knits up quickly and resembles wool stockings from the era."

The other two patterns are for an under-coif and a coif with ear-flaps, based (though he does not say so here specifically) on the 1549 Orsini coif pictured above, and its mate. Although the two coif patterns are available separately, they are meant to be worn as a set.

While these are not period patterns, there can be little doubt, judging by Gnagy's meticulous research and high standards, that these patterns will provide excellent examples for the modern knitter of what a period knitted stocking or coif looked like!

"Melon hood for summer wear"

"Melon Hood for Summer Wear" by Mrs. Jane Weaver, Peterson's, August 1859

A melon hood looks from the illustration to be similar in general effect to this opera hood from Godey's a few years later --

Godey's lady's book, v.65, (Jul.-Dec.1862), p.122

The "Five O'clock Hat"

The "Five O'Clock Hat" from the book or booklet "Chic Hats" (1938).  The pattern is available free from Vintageous (old link here).

Four muffatees from Workwoman's Guide, 1840

Four muffatee patterns from A Workwoman's Guide (2d. ed., 1840), p.262; illustrations on pl.21. Note that the third muffatee is clearly not shown in Fig.26 (which is of a sock, the "Child's Long Sock" from p.257), but presumably Fig.46.

Here are four muffatee patterns from A Workwoman's Guide. The first is worked in three rows of knit stitch and three rows of purl ("turn stitch"). The illustration clearly shows an edging, though none is given in the pattern; you could work a selvage as you knit, or add a border afterwards.

The second is in garter stitch ("plain knitting") -- 28 ridges ("ribs") in the original, though of course this should be adjusted to suit the wool and the wearer. This illustration also clearly shows an edging in addition to the fringe added at the end.

The third muffatee -- "extremely pretty"! -- is worked in a two-color rib, with a 3-stitch border in garter stitch in one color, worked as you go. Note that two-color rib will produce vertical stripes, while the illustration appears to show horizontal ones.

The fourth muffatee is worked in alternate sections of garter st and double knitting, though the sequence given is perhaps not as clear to the modern knitter as might be desired.